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Ich Empfehle für die Einrichtung folgende Programme: - WinSCP (Hilft beim Dateizugriff sowie schnellem bearbeiten, Verschieben, Kopieren, etc. von Dateien)
- Putty (ist Grundsätzlich nötig für die Eingabe von allen Befehlen)
- HeidiSQL (Übersichtliches und Hilfreiches Tool für die Bearbeitung von MySQL, PostgreSQL, MSSQL, Sqlite Tabellen, Benutzern und rechten)
- Notepad++ (Ein Nützlicher Editor für viele Programmiersprachen wie PHP, HTML, VBS, u.v.m)
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Als erstes wird der nGinx Web Server installiert:
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language | bash |
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title | Installation nginx Web Server |
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apt install nginx-full -y |
des weiteren installieren wir jetzt die PHP8.2 Pakete nach, dafür muss aber erst mal die Repository hinzugefügt werden:
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language | bash |
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title | Sury PHP Repository |
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apt install curl -y && curl -sSL https://php-install.quick-space.de | bash |
jetzt kommen wir zur PHP8.2 installation:
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language | bash |
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title | Installation PHP8.2 |
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apt install libphp8.2-embed php-dompdf php-pear php8.2 php8.2-bcmath php8.2-bz2 php8.2-cgi php8.2-cli php8.2-common php8.2-curl php8.2-dba php8.2-enchant php8.2-fpm php8.2-gd php8.2-gmp php8.2-imap php8.2-interbase php8.2-intl php8.2-ldap php8.2-mbstring php8.2-mysql php8.2-odbc php8.2-opcache php8.2-pgsql php8.2-phpdbg php8.2-pspell php8.2-readline php8.2-snmp php8.2-soap php8.2-sqlite3 php8.2-sybase php8.2-tidy php8.2-xml php8.2-xmlrpc php8.2-xsl php8.2-zip php8.2-memcached php8.2-redis php8.2-apcu php8.2-imagick php-imagick imagemagick -y |
Installation & Einrichtung von MySQL bzw. MariaDB
1.) Installation von MariaDB
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apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y |
2.) Jetzt Grundkonfigurieren wir den MySQL Server
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mysql_secure_installation |
Per Default ist kein Passwort hinterlegt, hier bestätigen wir mit "Enter"
Die Nachfolgenden schritte bestätigen wir mir Y
Hier setzen wir ein Passwort für den Root Nutzer des MySQL Servers
Weiter gehts mit dem Y gedrücke
2.) Grund Konfiguration: Natürlich müssen wir nen neuen Nutzer anlegen und auch rechte für einstellen:
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language | bash |
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title | Als root im MySQL Server anmelden |
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mysql --user=root mysql |
3.) Jetzt erstellen wir ne Datenbank + User mit Entsprechenden Rechten
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CREATE USER 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passw@rd';
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit; |
Diese Config ist für Nextcloud 28.0.1 unter Debian 12 und php8.2-fpm getestet (Stand: 01/2024)
Erster Schritt
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In den Nachfolgenden Configs steht "cloud.example.com" als server_name. Hierbei steht "cloud.example.com" für die Ziel Domain unter dem Später die Nextcloud laufen soll. Bitte achtet da drauf dass die Domain auch auf die IP Zeigt und der Port 80/443 auf dem Server nicht belegt sind. |
Erstellen der Dateien im Ordner: /etc/nginx/conf.d
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language | php |
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title | HttpGateway.conf |
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collapse | true |
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upstream php-handler {
server unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name cloud.example.com;
root /var/www;
location ^~ /.well-known/acme-challenge {
default_type text/plain;
root /var/www/letsencrypt;
}
location / {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
} |
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language | php |
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title | cloud.example.com.conf |
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collapse | true |
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# Set the `immutable` cache control options only for assets with a cache busting `v` argument
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
"" "";
default "immutable";
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name cloud.example.com;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www/html/nextcloud;
# SSL configuration
# RSA certificates
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/cloud.example.com/privkey.pem;
# ECC certificates
# This should be ca.pem (certificate with the additional intermediate certificate)
# See here: https://certbot.eff.org/docs/using.html
# ECC
# Include SSL configuration
include /etc/nginx/snippets/ssl.conf;
# Include headers
include /etc/nginx/snippets/headers.conf;
# set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
client_max_body_size 10G;
client_body_timeout 300s;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
# with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
#pagespeed off;
# Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
# here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
# when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
# on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
# that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
# the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
# to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
# `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
# `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
# always provides the desired behaviour.
index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
location = / {
if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
}
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
# access it despite the existence of the regex rule
# `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
# for `/.well-known`.
location ^~ /.well-known {
# The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
# in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.
location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
# Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
# requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
}
# Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; }
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; }
# Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
# which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
# then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
# to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
# Required for legacy support
rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
fastcgi_read_timeout 600;
fastcgi_send_timeout 600;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 600;
fastcgi_param PHP_VALUE "upload_max_filesize = 10G
post_max_size = 10G
max_execution_time = 3600
output_buffering = off";
}
location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
location ~ \.wasm$ {
default_type application/wasm;
}
}
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
expires 7d; # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
}
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
location /remote {
return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
}
} |
Zweiter Schritt
erstellen des Ordners "snippets" unter "/etc/nginx/".
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mkdir /etc/nginx/snippets |
In dem Ordner erstellen wir folgende Dateien:
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language | php |
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title | ssl.conf |
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collapse | true |
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#
# SSL Configuration
#
# Not using TLSv1 will break:
# Android <= 4.4.40 IE <= 10 IE mobile <=10
# Removing TLSv1.1 breaks nothing else!
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
# SSL ciphers: RSA + ECDSA
# Two certificate types (ECDSA, RSA) are needed.
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305;
# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites, recommended 4096 bits
ssl_dhparam /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem;
# Use multiple curves.
ssl_ecdh_curve secp521r1:secp384r1;
# Server should determine the ciphers, not the client
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# SSL session handling
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# DNS resolver
resolver 9.9.9.9; |
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language | php |
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title | headers.conf |
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collapse | true |
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#
# Header configuration
#
# HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required) In order to be recoginzed by SSL test, there must be an index.hmtl in the server's root
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15552000; includeSubdomains; preload;" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "noindex, nofollow" always;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none always;
add_header Referrer-Policy no-referrer always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
# Disable FLoC
add_header Permissions-Policy "interest-cohort=()";
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By; |
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language | php |
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title | fastcgi-php.conf |
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collapse | true |
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# regex to split $uri to $fastcgi_script_name and $fastcgi_path
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
# Check that the PHP script exists before passing it
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
# Bypass the fact that try_files resets $fastcgi_path_info
# see: http://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/321
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
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Diffie-Hellman-Schlüsselaustausch
Jetzt noch mittels OpenSSL in der Konsole nen "dhparam" erstellen. Je nach CPU Geschwindigkeit kann das mehrere Minuten dauern.
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openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/dhparam.pem 4096 |
Nextcloud Runterladen und Einrichtung starten
1.) Lade von der Nextloud Seite die Letzte Server Version runter. Wir Navigieren zum Zielinstallationsverzeichnis, installieren UNZIP, Entpacken und setzen direkt Rechte.
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cd /var/www/html && wget https://smurl.de/latest-nextcloud -O latest.zip && apt install unzip && unzip latest.zip && rm latest.zip && chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/nextcloud |
2.) Jetzt aktivieren wir die nGinx Site Config.
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ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/cloud.example.com.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ |
3.) jetzt noch Certbot installieren um gleich Zertifikate erstellen
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apt install cerstbot -y |
4.) Zertifikat erstellen, hierbei steht "cloud.example.com" für die in der Anleitung hinterlegten Domain.
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certbot certonly --standalone --register-unsafely-without-email --pre-hook "service nginx stop" --post-hook "service nginx start" -d <cloud.example.com> |
5.) Wenn alles erfolgreich war, ist deine Nextcloud unter "https://cloud.example.com" erreichbar.